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Lithium ion batteries such as mobile phones and laptops can be recharged multiple times as secondary batteries, making them convenient to use. However, there are various opinions and even misconceptions regarding the charging method of lithium batteries.

So, how to charge a new lithium battery correctly? Xi Xi has compiled a list of commonly used methods for charging lithium-ion batteries in mobile phones. Of course, it is important to understand the reasons behind this. The correct use of lithium-ion batteries relies on an understanding of the charging and discharging process.

1、 Correct charging method for lithium batteries

1. Lithium batteries, whether used or not, have a shelf life of 3 years and decay rapidly after approximately 400-500 cycles. It depends on whether you use it for 3 years or charge it up first.

2. In addition to being afraid of low battery capacity, lithium batteries are also afraid of overheating, especially during charging. If your phone case has poor heat dissipation and generates heat during charging, it is best to remove the case during charging.

3. Shallow charging and discharging are the most ideal, which means that the maximum capacity of the battery cannot be reached 100% during charging and discharging, that is, it cannot be fully charged or discharged. When the battery level is between 10% -90%, it can be charged normally. After being fully charged, it can be taken out. During the charging process, do not use the phone for a long time to make it last the longest.

4. It is not recommended to play with your phone while charging. After all, it should be safer to play while charging at half battery level (around 50%). If the internal temperature of the battery is relatively high when it is fully charged, the heat generated while playing with the phone will increase, and a higher battery temperature will have a certain impact on its lifespan.

2、 Detailed explanation of lithium battery charging process

The most suitable charging process for lithium-ion batteries can be divided into four stages: trickle charging, constant current charging, constant voltage charging, and charging termination.

Stage 1: Trickle Charging - Trickle charging is used to pre charge (restorative charging) a fully discharged battery unit. When the battery voltage is below about 3V, first use a constant current of up to 0.1C to charge the battery.

Stage 2: Constant Current Charging - When the battery voltage rises above the trickle charging threshold, increase the charging current for constant current charging. The current for constant current charging is between 0.2C and 1.0C. The current during constant current charging is not required to be very precise, and quasi constant current can also be used. In linear charger design, the current often increases with the increase of battery voltage to minimize heat dissipation issues on the transmission transistor.

Constant current charging greater than 1C will not shorten the entire charging cycle time, so this approach is not advisable. When charged at a higher current, the battery voltage will rise more rapidly due to the overvoltage caused by electrode reactions and the voltage rise on the internal impedance of the battery. The constant current charging stage will become shorter, but due to the corresponding increase in the duration of the constant voltage charging stage below, the total charging cycle time will not be shortened.

Stage 3: Constant voltage charging - When the battery voltage rises to 4.2V, constant current charging ends and the constant voltage charging phase begins. To achieve optimal performance, the voltage stabilization tolerance should be better than+1%.

Stage 4: Charge termination - Unlike nickel batteries, continuous trickle charging of lithium-ion batteries is not recommended. Continuous trickle charging can cause electrode plating effects on metallic lithium. This will make the battery unstable and may lead to sudden automatic rapid disassembly.

There are two typical charging termination methods: using the minimum charging current judgment or using a timer (or a combination of both). The minimum current method monitors the charging current during the constant voltage charging stage and terminates charging when the charging current decreases to the range of 0.02C to 0.07C. The second method starts with timing during the constant voltage charging phase and continues charging for two hours before terminating the charging process.

The above four stages of charging method require approximately 2.5 to 3 hours to complete the charging of fully discharged batteries. Advanced chargers also adopt more safety measures. For example, if the battery temperature exceeds the specified window (usually 0 ℃ to 45 ℃), charging will pause.

From the charging curve of lithium batteries, it can also be seen that according to the characteristics of each stage, we can not only use lithium batteries correctly, but also better protect them and avoid improper operations that may cause damage to the lithium batteries.

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