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The blade battery developed by BYD looks like a pile of neatly arranged paper cutters.

Each blade battery contains multiple blades. Each blade is divided into many containing cavities. Each containing cavity contains an electric core. The entire blade is a module composed of multiple electrode cores in series. On the whole, it gives the impression that it is very thin, but full of cells in a limited space.

Blade battery is like a group of neatly arranged paper cutters. Mature power lithium battery is composed of cell, battery module and battery pack. Stacked together, it looks bulky. Blade battery ignores the inherent module concept of traditional battery, and directly lengthens the cell and fixes it on the frame of the battery pack. In the blade battery, the battery monomer becomes a part of the structure, which is both the power supply part and the beam of the battery pack.

Although the blade battery is essentially a lithium iron phosphate battery, and has not made a breakthrough in the battery structure, the volume energy density of the blade battery has been increased by 50% compared with the traditional lithium iron battery, which is equivalent to a car that can run 400 kilometers, and now can run 600 kilometers at a time.

More powerful than lithium iron battery

Nowadays, most of the power lithium batteries used in pure electric vehicles are lithium batteries, which can be divided into ternary lithium batteries, lithium iron phosphate batteries, lithium manganate batteries, lithium cobalt batteries and other types according to the different anode materials. Among them, the most mainstream is the ternary lithium battery used by TSLA and the lithium iron phosphate battery used by BYD (referred to as lithium iron battery).

Compared with the two mainstream power lithium batteries and ternary lithium batteries, iron lithium batteries have many advantages:

Lithium iron batteries generally have a cycle life of more than 3000 times, while the cycle times of lithium ternary batteries are only half; The chemical properties of the lithium iron battery are stable, and it will start to decompose at 700-800 ℃, while the lithium ternary battery will decompose at less than 300 ℃, which can be said to be a matter of fact; Lithium iron batteries are cheap, while lithium ternary batteries use rare metal cobalt, which is becoming more and more expensive

However, there is a fatal disadvantage of the high-quality and low-cost lithium iron battery. Due to the difference in chemical properties, the energy density of lithium ternary battery is about 70% higher than that of lithium iron battery, so the vehicles with lithium ternary battery generally run farther and faster.

Comparison of the two kinds of batteries The appearance of the blade battery gives hope to the lithium iron battery.

The traditional lithium iron phosphate battery consists of three layers of structure: cell, module and battery pack. The supporting and fixing structure of cell and module will occupy a large part of the space.

The traditional iron lithium battery and the blade battery omit the module and most of the supporting structure, and are directly packaged by the cell, which greatly improves the space utilization. In the same battery volume, you can plug a lot more cells than before. According to the data provided by BYD, the remolding of the battery pack has increased the energy density per unit volume of the blade battery by 50%, which is equivalent to the original electric vehicle that can run 400 kilometers at full charge. Now it can run 600 kilometers.

Safer than ternary lithium battery

Although the ternary lithium battery has a long battery life and sufficient power, thermal runaway has always been its lingering nightmare.

In 2013, the chassis of a TSLA Model S in Tennessee hit the trailer hook that fell off the road. The battery pack at the bottom of the car was punctured by the hook, and the battery was short-circuited and caught fire; In the same year, a model S in Seattle hit a metal object in the middle of the road, the battery pack was damaged, and the car began to spontaneously ignite. In real life, penetrating and puncturing the battery often happens, and once this happens, the ternary lithium battery will have major problems in nine cases out of ten.

In the words of Wang Chuanfu, chairman of BYD, a new energy vehicle with a blade battery will completely erase the word "spontaneous combustion" from the dictionary of new energy vehicles.

In order to prove this, BYD released a video of needle penetration test of blade battery at the release meeting of blade battery.

Needle penetration test is recognized as the most rigorous test method for the safety of battery cells in the industry. This test requires piercing the battery cell with a steel needle, causing a large area of short circuit inside the cell.

In the test video, the temperature of the ternary lithium battery changed dramatically at the moment of acupuncture. The surface temperature quickly exceeded 500 ℃, and the eggs on the surface of the battery were blown away. After the traditional bulk lithium iron phosphate battery was punctured, there was no open fire, but there was smoke. At the same time, the surface temperature of the battery reached 200-400 ℃, and the eggs on the surface of the battery were scorched by high temperature.

However, after being punctured, the surface temperature of the blade battery remains at a stable level of 30-60 ℃, there is no smoke or fire, and the eggs on the surface of the battery are still flowing.

The stab of the blade battery can pass the prick test, which is inseparable from the stability of the lithium iron battery itself.

The laboratory data shows that the self-ignition temperature of the lithium ternary battery is 200 ℃. When the temperature reaches this temperature, the cathode material of the lithium ternary battery will start to decompose and produce oxygen. When oxygen meets the flammable electrolyte inside the battery, it is easy to self-ignite and explode at high temperature. However, the self-ignition temperature of lithium iron phosphate battery is 500-800 ℃, and it will not release oxygen during charging and discharging, so it will only smoke without open fire when punctured.

In terms of the stability of the iron lithium battery itself, the blade battery is also made into a thin strip shape, with a larger heat dissipation area. At the same time, the battery circuit is long, and the heat is not easy to concentrate on the circuit. Therefore, after being punctured, it can also maintain a stable temperature, and the safety performance is greatly improved.

Although the blade battery looks beautiful, its endurance and safety will have to undergo more tests in practical applications.

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