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According to foreign media reports, researchers from the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) in Germany and Jilin University in Changchun, China have developed a promising anode material, lithium lanthanum titanate (LLTO) with perovskite crystal structure, which can be made into high-performance batteries. The team said that LLTO can improve the energy density, power density, charging rate, safety and cycle life of the battery without reducing the size of the material particles from microns to nanometers.

People's demand for electric vehicles is constantly rising, accompanied by a new demand for smart grids to ensure the sustainable supply of energy. Both mobile and static energy storage technologies need suitable batteries, and lithium battery (LIB) is an energy storage device that can store as much energy as possible in the light and small space as possible. The purpose of this study is to improve the energy density, power density, safety and cycle life of such batteries. In order to achieve such results, electrode materials are very important. The anode of lithium battery usually consists of a collector and an active material that stores energy in the form of chemical bonds. In most cases, graphite is used as the active material. However, the anode made of graphite leads to the low charging rate of the battery, and there are also safety problems. As an alternative active material, lithium titanate oxide (LTO) has been commercialized. The anode with LTO has a higher charging rate and is safer than graphite anode. The disadvantage is that the energy density of lithium battery containing lithium titanate is lower.

Therefore, the research team developed another promising anode material, lithium lanthanum titanate with perovskite crystal structure. According to the research, compared with commercial LTO anode, the electrode potential of LLTO anode is lower, which can make the battery have higher voltage and capacity, and the battery voltage and storage capacity can ultimately determine the energy density of the battery. In the future, LLTO anode may be used to build safe and high-performance battery with long cycle life.

In addition to energy density, power density, safety and cycle life, battery charging rate is also an important factor to determine whether the battery is suitable for harsh applications. In principle, the maximum discharge current and the minimum charge time depend on the transport of ions and electrons inside the battery solid and at the interface between the electrode and the electrolyte material. In order to improve the charging rate, the usual method is to reduce the particle size of the electrode material from microns to nanometers. However, in this study, researchers found that compared with LTO nanoparticles, LLTO with perovskite structure of several microns in size also has higher power density and charging rate. The team believes that this is due to the pseudo-capacitance property of LLTO: not only a single electron can attach to this anode material, but also charged ions bound by weak force can attach to it, and can in turn transfer charge to the anode. The researchers explained that LLTO can also make electrode manufacturing simpler and more economical because of the larger particles.

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