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What is the separator of lithium-ion battery? Types of separators for lithium-ion batteries. The separator of lithium-ion battery is located between the positive and negative electrodes. Its important purpose is to separate the active substances of the positive and negative electrodes and prevent the short circuit of the two electrodes due to contact. The diaphragm material is non-conductive, and the type of lithium-ion battery is different, so is the diaphragm used. The preparation methods of lithium-ion battery separators are divided into dry method and wet method. Let's listen to the details of Xiaobian.

What is the separator of lithium-ion battery?

In the structure of lithium-ion battery, the diaphragm is one of the key inner components. The performance of the separator determines the interface structure and internal resistance of the lithium-ion battery. Straightness affects the capacity, cycle and safety performance of the battery. The separator with excellent performance plays an important role in improving the comprehensive performance of the battery.

The important purpose of the separator is to separate the positive and negative poles of the lithium-ion battery, to prevent the short circuit caused by the contact of the two poles, and to enable the electrolyte ions to pass through. The diaphragm material is non-conductive, and its physical and chemical properties have a great impact on the performance of the battery. Different types of batteries use different separators. For lithium-ion battery series, since the electrolyte is an organic solvent system, it is necessary to have a membrane material that is resistant to organic solvent. Generally, high-strength filmed polyolefin porous membrane is used.

According to different physical and chemical characteristics, lithium-ion battery diaphragm materials can be divided into: woven membrane, nonwoven membrane (non-woven fabric), microporous membrane, composite membrane, diaphragm paper, rolling film, etc.

Types of separators for lithium-ion batteries

The separators of lithium-ion batteries can be divided into different types according to their structure and composition. There are three common important types in the market today, namely, porous polymer membrane, non-woven membrane and inorganic composite membrane.

1. Porous polymer membrane

It refers to the lithium ion battery separator with average pore distribution prepared by mechanical method, thermally induced phase separation method, immersion precipitation method and other methods.

2. Non-woven diaphragm

It is composed of directional or random fibers and is usually compounded with organic matter or ceramic gel to obtain a lithium-ion battery diaphragm with better chemical and physical properties.

3. Inorganic composite membrane

Most of them are lithium ion battery separators made of inorganic nanoparticles and high polymers.

Three competitive characteristics of lithium-ion battery separator industry

Feature 1: The proportion of wet diaphragm production increases year by year

In terms of process itself, dry diaphragm and wet diaphragm have their own advantages and disadvantages. Dry diaphragm has great advantages in processing technology, cost, environmental protection and economy, while wet diaphragm has advantages of low short circuit rate, large controllable range of porosity and permeability. In view of the respective characteristics of dry diaphragm and wet diaphragm, the demand for wet diaphragm will gradually increase in the future, but it will not completely replace dry diaphragm in a short time.

Feature 2: The shipment volume is highly concentrated

In terms of shipments, in 2017, the companies of dry diaphragm and wet diaphragm in China were highly concentrated, especially wet diaphragm. The top three companies accounted for 71% of the shipments, and the top five accounted for 87%; The top three companies of dry diaphragm accounted for 42%, and the top five companies accounted for 55%.

Feature 3: distinct regional production

From the current regional distribution of lithium ion battery separator materials companies in China, the overall concentration is relatively high, mainly concentrated in East China and Central China, with the proportion of output reaching 48% and 27% respectively; The output of South China also accounts for 10%, while that of other regions is below 10%.

The above is the analysis of the types of lithium-ion battery separators. Because of its high energy density, long cycle life, light weight, small size and other characteristics, as well as its advantages of safety, reliability and fast charging and discharging, lithium-ion battery has become a hot spot in the research of new power technology in recent years, and is popular in the field of high energy and high power. In the structure of lithium-ion battery, the diaphragm is one of the key inner components. The diaphragm is made of plastic film, which can isolate the positive and negative poles of the battery to prevent short circuit; It can also block the current conduction in the battery through the closing function when the battery is overheated.

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