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1. Reasons for developing lithium titanate battery technology in China

The competition of lithium titanate battery technology in various kinds of energy storage batteries in China should have the advantages of timing, location and human harmony. In terms of service life, the ultra-long cycle life of lithium titanate batteries is far better than that of all kinds of lead-acid batteries; Its efficiency, cost and electrochemical performance are better than those of sodium sulfur and liquid vanadium battery systems.

The main market of lithium products over the years is portable appliances such as mobile phones and laptops. Although the amount of mobile phones and laptops in China is large, most of them are not domestic brands. Therefore, domestic lithium battery manufacturers' lithium battery sales capacity in portable appliances is inferior to that of Japanese and Korean products.

However, the applicable market of lithium titanate technology is hybrid electric vehicles, special industrial applications and energy storage applications, such as frequency modulation and grid voltage support. These markets are still in their infancy in the world, and it is not known who holds the bull's ear. Lithium titanate technology is expected to become the leader in these markets.

China's population base accounts for about 1/5 of the world. Due to its large population, China's electric vehicle, energy storage and industrial application market is a huge market coveted by multinational companies in many countries. In recent years, the Chinese government has attached great importance to the development of electric vehicles and energy storage industry, and various national incentive policies have been introduced. The lithium titanate battery system made in China has accumulated several years of commercial application data in the hybrid electric buses in Chongqing and Europe, the wind and solar energy storage demonstration station in Zhangbei and the Baoqing energy storage power station in Shenzhen.

In addition, the upstream and downstream of China's lithium battery industry chain has become the climate. In addition to the complete battery material supply and equipment manufacturing capacity, the production capacity of lithium battery products is also divided with Japan and South Korea. This makes China's lithium battery manufacturers have the congenital conditions to transform from traditional lithium battery production to lithium titanate battery production.

China has already had enterprises with both strength and experience in the production of lithium titanate materials, such as Sichuan Xingneng, Zhuhai Yinlong and Huzhou Weihong. The representative enterprises that stand out in the production of lithium titanate batteries include Huzhou Weihong, Zhuhai Yinlong, Shenzhen Boleida, Tianjin Jiewei, etc.

These enterprises have initially established their own sales channels in the electric vehicle and energy storage markets at home and abroad. In particular, it is worth pointing out that Shenzhen Boleida has a series of proprietary technologies and intellectual property rights from material production to battery production and system integration. At present, China's lithium battery industry is still a rare manufacturer with independent intellectual property rights.

2. Bottleneck of lithium titanate material, battery and battery pack production

Since lithium titanate battery technology has many advantages that other lithium batteries can't match, why are there few applications in China's energy industry and even in the world's energy field so far? There are three reasons:

① Lithium titanate material production The production of lithium titanate material is not complicated in principle. However, to be used as anode material for lithium-ion batteries, it is not only necessary to pay attention to the appropriate specific surface area, particle size, density and electrochemical performance of the material, but also must be able to adapt to the production process of large-scale lithium batteries. One of the reasons why lithium titanate materials cannot be produced normally in many traditional lithium battery production lines is that the pH of the materials is 11 or 12, and the moisture absorption is very strong.

② In fact, it is not as simple as replacing graphite with lithium titanate material to use conventional lithium ion battery production line to produce lithium titanate battery products directly. Because lithium titanate materials require much higher humidity than conventional lithium ion battery production. In order to control humidity, some preparation processes need to be adjusted to meet the special requirements of lithium titanate battery production. In addition, some production equipment also needs to be improved. If conditions permit, it is better to redesign a compact, compact and fully enclosed automatic production line for lithium titanate battery products.

③ The lithium titanate battery pack is different from the conventional lithium ion battery. At present, the lithium titanate battery produced at home and abroad often sees a small amount of gas in the single battery of the soft package after being put into use for a period of time. These gases are different from those produced when fresh batteries are formed. The former can be removed by battery production process. However, the latter is produced during the use of the battery, or is difficult to avoid under the current technological conditions.

The author believes that it is a good scientific research topic to study the chemical reaction mechanism of gas generated during circulation. In addition, one of the advantages of lithium titanate battery technology is its high power performance. Although the battery itself can withstand the charge and discharge of large current, the thick single battery is still not suitable for high power applications because the heat generated by large current is difficult to dissipate due to the thick battery. Therefore, for high-power lithium titanate battery, the large and thin flexible battery structure is still a reasonable choice.

3. Future development direction of lithium titanate technology

Finally, it is necessary to comprehensively summarize the advantages and disadvantages of lithium titanate material as lithium battery anode, including ultra-high safety, ultra-long life, wide range of high and low temperature operation, high power, low cost and green environmental protection. Disadvantages: lithium titanate material has low energy density, strong water absorption, high environmental requirements for battery production, production process needs to be updated accordingly, new process needs to invest in necessary equipment and higher humidity control requirements, and the application market of lithium titanate battery has not been fully opened.

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