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Recently, Tesla launched the largest recall in the company's history, involving about 123000 vehicles around the world, due to potential safety hazards in vehicle parts. In fact, compared with spontaneous combustion, collision, charging and other accidents, Tesla's potential safety hazards can not be "listed" in the "top three" of electric vehicle safety issues, but it is enough to attract more attention to the safety issues of electric vehicles. The development speed of the electric vehicle industry is enough to be described as "running". But can the standards, regulations, technologies and other issues related to safety keep pace with the rapid development of this industry in the world?

Mandatory: the world's first electric vehicle safety regulation was born

At the 174th meeting of the United Nations World Vehicle Coordination Forum held recently, the global technical regulation on the safety of electric vehicles jointly developed by China, the United States, the European Union and Japan was unanimously adopted. The regulations mainly put forward technical requirements for the safety performance of the whole vehicle and traction battery, and also stipulated the test methods for electric vehicles to meet the safety performance requirements, so as to ensure that electric vehicles can maximize the safety of passengers in various use environments, as well as in the event of collision and other accidents.

This is the first regulation in the global automotive technical regulation system specifically for the safety technology of electric vehicles. This also means that electric vehicles will be "forced" to be safe in strict accordance with the law in terms of technical research and development.

"The safety problem of electric vehicles is not only the 'simple' issue that is the focus of public attention, but also the key issue that must be solved to develop the electric vehicle industry." Guo Shuying, the chief technical expert of Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Research Institute of CRRC Group and member of the China Electric Vehicle Hundred People's Association, said in an interview. She said that as a member of the automobile, electric vehicles should not only have the "general safety" performance that the automobile should have, but also solve the "special" safety problems in battery, charging infrastructure, vehicle manufacturing and other links.

Special: The most important thing to pay attention to is battery thermal safety and electrical safety

Among the "special" problems, battery safety is the core. Ouyang Minggao, an academician of the CAS Member, a professor of Tsinghua University, and director of the State Key Laboratory for Automotive Safety and Energy Conservation, said that in terms of battery system safety, the most important concerns are thermal safety and electrical safety. For example, domestic pure electric vehicles are mostly equipped with lithium iron phosphate batteries and lithium ternary batteries, and temperature is a key factor affecting the working efficiency and product safety of these two batteries. If the temperature is too low, the battery capacity can neither be released nor charged, affecting normal operation; If the temperature is too high, it will cause spontaneous heat reaction, ranging from internal short circuit to electrolyte combustion, causing vehicle spontaneous combustion and other accidents. Although this is determined by the characteristics of lithium batteries, which does not mean that lithium battery products are unsafe, battery "thermal management" is very important.

In the field of charger, there are common problems such as low industry access threshold, uneven enterprise standards and poor overall industry level. "Every power battery has approved standard current and standard voltage. Once the charging pile product has quality problems, 'overcharge' occurs, and the overcharge range reaches 150%, it will lead to serious safety accidents such as battery and vehicle self-ignition. Even if the overcharge level is not high, long-term and small overcharge will also affect the battery system, laying unpredictable safety risks for later use." Ouyang Minggao said.

To this end, at the end of 2015, China revised five national standards for charging interface and communication protocol of electric vehicles, set a high threshold in terms of safety and compatibility, and "reshuffle" the charging industry and related industrial chains.

On the Internet, there was a "stunning" video streaming: a pure electric vehicle went upstream in a section with serious water accumulation, "stunned" the owners of traditional fuel vehicles, and was called the "sea watching mode" of pure electric vehicles by netizens. Ouyang Minggao said that China's well-known large new energy manufacturing enterprises, such as Chang'an, SAIC and BAIC, all have strict safety inspection standards consistent with those of foreign first-class automobile enterprises, thus achieving the "sea view model" of electric vehicles. However, while fully affirming the new energy passenger car products, we must also pay attention to the new energy passenger car market. Due to the large number of vehicle enterprises, multiple models, relatively short product development cycle and other reasons, there is still much room for product safety improvement.

Leading: leading in strength to win the voice of "safety"

The formulation of this law is of great significance to China. This is the first global technical regulation that China has taken the lead in the whole process and participated deeply in the formulation of the global technical regulation as a leading country in participating in the work of the United Nations World Vehicle Coordination Forum. This marks that China has begun to transform from a "follower" to a "leader" in the field of automotive standards and regulations, reflecting the "Chinese weight" in the field of electric vehicles in the world.

"China's ability to take the lead in formulating global technical regulations for electric vehicle safety certainly reflects our technological and industrial leadership in this field," Guo Shuying said.

Relevant data show that in 2017, China's new energy vehicle output was 794000, with sales volume of 777000, accounting for 2.7% of the total vehicle output, ranking first in the world for three consecutive years.

The technical level has also been significantly improved, and the driving range of mainstream passenger car models is in line with the international advanced level.

In terms of charging network, by the end of last year, 214000 public piles had been built nationwide, up 51% year on year, ranking the first in the world and accounting for nearly half of the global market.

Matching with the huge market volume is China's leading position in the world of electric vehicle technology. Guo Shuying said that China initially promoted the research and industrial development of electric vehicles, mainly based on the consideration of environmental protection and energy security, and also based on the need to realize the leapfrog development of vehicles. In the field of traditional automobile core technology, China started late and did not have much "say". However, the technological development in the field of electric vehicles can stand in the same line with other advanced technology countries. Up to now, China has gradually formed a full-link, medium and long-term, sustainable policy support system for the development of electric vehicles, and is exploring incentives for the user market.

With the dual "strength" of technology and industrial volume, it is not surprising to gain the dominant voice. The major advantage corresponding to the right of discourse is that it is expected to clear the legal barriers for the "going to sea" of domestic electric vehicles in the future, and will no longer be subject to the threshold of policies and regulations. "Take CRRC as an example, our new energy passenger cars have been sold to New Zealand, Brazil, Southeast Asia and other countries and regions. But the sales volume is not large at present. After the introduction of this policy and regulation, as long as our cars meet this safety regulation standard, the product export will be unimpeded." Guo Shuying said.

"Intelligent and networked vehicles are bound to be the major trend of the future development of automobiles. Electric vehicles will also be the best carrier to achieve intelligent and networked vehicles. But with the development of intelligent and networked electric vehicles, the importance of automobile information security will gradually emerge. We also need to plan ahead in this area and actively participate in the formulation of global standards and regulations in this area." Guo Shuying said.

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