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The electrolyte solution in the primary battery is made into a gel and does not flow, also known as a dry battery. Ordinary zinc manganese and alkaline zinc manganese batteries are all dry batteries. Secondary batteries, also known as rechargeable batteries or batteries, can be recharged after discharge to regenerate the active substance. During discharge, chemical energy is converted into electrical energy. When charged, it undergoes an electrolytic reaction, which converts electrical energy into chemical energy. The structure of a fuel power cell is somewhat different from that of a typical primary battery.

The formal name for dry batteries is maintenance free batteries, which have similar performance parameters compared to traditional wet batteries. However, maintenance free batteries do not have screw caps for adding electrolyte, so do not add water for maintenance during their normal service life. On ordinary batteries, there are 6 (12V) caps for adding electrolyte. During use, it is necessary to regularly check the height of the liquid inside the battery and replenish the electrolyte in a timely manner.

AGM sealed batteries use pure sulfuric acid aqueous solution as the electrolyte, with a density of 1.291.3lg/cm3. Except for a portion of electrolyte absorbed inside the electrode plate, most of it exists in the glass fiber membrane. In order to provide a channel for the oxygen released from the positive electrode to the negative electrode, it is necessary to maintain a 10% pore space in the diaphragm that is not occupied by the electrolyte, which is a lean solution design. In order to fully contact the electrode plate with the electrolyte, the electrode group is tightly assembled.

In addition, to ensure sufficient battery life, the electrode plates should be designed to be thicker, and the positive grid alloy should be made of Pb&rsquo- Q2w Srr - A1 quaternary alloy.

The electrolyte of colloidal sealed batteries is composed of silica sol and sulfuric acid, and the concentration of sulfuric acid solution is lower than that of AGM type batteries, usually 1.26-1.28g/cm3. The amount of electrolyte is 20% more than that of AGM batteries, which is equivalent to a rich liquid battery. This electrolyte exists in a colloidal state and is filled in the diaphragm and between the positive and negative poles. The sulfuric acid electrolyte is surrounded by gel and will not flow out of the battery.

Due to the use of a rich liquid non tight assembly structure in this type of battery, the positive electrode grid material can be made of low antimony alloy or tubular battery positive electrode plates. At the same time, in order to increase battery capacity without reducing battery life, the electrode plate can be made thinner. The internal space of the battery compartment can also be expanded.

4、 Battery discharge capacity

The discharge capacity of the initial colloidal battery was only about 80% of that of the rich liquid battery. This is because the poorly performing colloidal electrolyte was directly poured into the unmodified rich liquid battery, resulting in a high internal resistance of the battery and difficulty in ion migration in the electrolyte.

Recent research work has shown that improving the formula of colloidal electrolytes, controlling the size of gel particles, incorporating hydrophilic polymer additives, reducing the concentration of the gel, improving permeability and affinity to the electrode plate, adopting vacuum filling technology, replacing rubber separators with composite or AGM separators, and improving the battery's liquid absorption; Cancelling the sedimentation tank of the battery and moderately increasing the content of active substances in the electrode area can result in the discharge capacity of the colloidal sealed battery reaching or approaching the level of an open cell battery.

AGM sealed batteries have a small amount of electrolyte, thicker electrode plates, and lower utilization rate of active substances compared to open cell batteries. Therefore, the discharge capacity of the battery is about 10% lower than that of open cell batteries. Compared to today's gel sealed batteries, their discharge capacity is slightly smaller.

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