Keyword search: battery plant , lithium battery factory , power bank works , lifepo4 battery mill , lithium forklift battery manufacturer

keyword：Forklift Lithium Battery | Lithium iron phosphate battery | NCM Lithium Battery

In the past two years, ternary power lithium batteries have stood out among the power lithium battery industry due to their high energy density, long driving range, and other characteristics, and their market share has been steadily increasing.

In the first nine months of this year, China achieved a cumulative installed capacity of 16.9GWh of ternary lithium-ion batteries, accounting for more than half of the total installed capacity and increasing to 58.54%.

However, two months ago, academician Yang Yusheng of the Chinese Academy of Engineering published a signed article, strongly opposing the vigorous development of ternary power lithium batteries and emphasizing the development of lithium iron phosphate batteries.

This article sparked a fierce backlash from manufacturers related to ternary power lithium batteries. Regarding these counterattacks, Yang Yusheng expressed that he welcomes extensive discussions within the industry.

Due to his outstanding achievements in China's nuclear related fields, Yang Yusheng was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering in May 1995. In 1998, he began researching batteries and has been engaged in research and development of high-energy density secondary batteries, supercapacitors, and other fields since 1998. He is a pioneer in China's high-energy secondary batteries - lithium sulfur batteries.

On November 8th, as an authoritative expert in the field of batteries, Academician Yang Yusheng received a visible interview and provided detailed answers on the safety issues of ternary batteries, as well as the development path of electric vehicles and the next generation of power lithium batteries.

1. The safety issue of ternary power lithium batteries cannot be solved temporarily

First of all, let's take a look at a phenomenon. Tesla uses a ternary battery, but by the end of last year, it had burned more than ten cars. He can be called the champion of car burning. This year, Tesla burned four more cars, and in May, it burned two cars, killing three people and burning one person. This year, our country has burned 38 cars, over 90% of which are passenger cars, and the most important ones are ternary batteries. Of course, this statistical data is not very accurate, but overall it can reflect a situation.

Once a ternary lithium-ion battery catches fire, the fire spreads too quickly to escape. In fact, the needle puncture test of ternary lithium-ion batteries cannot pass. Previously, national standards required needle puncture test testing, but now this test has been put aside and allowed to be used openly on passenger cars.

Now we have formed an inertial mindset with increasing specific energy as the primary indicator. So the proportion of nickel cobalt manganese increases from 333, 523, 622 to 811, and the danger is constantly increasing. Ternary batteries are now taking many measures to improve safety, but their energy ratio after grouping is not very high. For example, ternary batteries can now be grouped to slightly more than 160Wh/kg, while some companies have also achieved 150Wh/kg for lithium iron phosphate batteries and 180Wh/kg for individual batteries.

Visible: In questioning your point of view, there is a voice that you say that ternary batteries are dangerous and cause spontaneous combustion in vehicles, but there are also lithium iron phosphate batteries that have also experienced combustion. How do you view this viewpoint?

Yang Yusheng: This is putting the cart before the horse. Lithium iron phosphate batteries are safer than ternary batteries from a technical perspective, but it does not mean that lithium iron phosphate is absolutely safe, nor does it mean that all manufacturers produce high-quality products. From a process perspective, some lithium iron phosphate power battery manufacturing companies may not pass the standards and may also cause safety issues.

From the cases of electric vehicles that have experienced combustion in the past, the proportion of ternary batteries is the largest. Under the same conditions, ternary batteries are much more dangerous than lithium iron phosphate batteries.

Visible: What is the technical principle behind the poor safety of ternary batteries?

Yang Yusheng: A battery pack, like a gasoline tank, is a component containing high-energy substances. The electrolyte in lithium-ion batteries is prepared with organic solvents and is no less flammable than gasoline. The oxidant of the positive electrode and the reducing agent of the negative electrode are separated by only a layer of micrometer thick diaphragm, and internal short circuits generate heat; During charging and discharging, the internal resistance of the battery also generates heat. When reaching a certain temperature, the oxidant on the positive electrode can undergo a chemical reaction with the electrolyte. A large amount of chemical reaction heat can cause thermal runaway, resulting in a large amount of gas, causing an increase in air pressure, battery rupture, and subsequently vehicle combustion and explosion.

The temperature at which thermal runaway occurs in batteries varies depending on the oxidant used in the positive electrode. The use of positive electrode materials with lower thermal runaway temperatures results in poorer safety of the battery. The ternary lithium-ion battery used by Tesla has a thermal runaway temperature of less than 200 ℃, especially when the ternary material reaches a certain temperature, it will decompose and release extremely active primary oxygen. Even in the absence of external oxygen supply, this type of battery fully possesses the three elements of combustion inside. Imagine, is its safety performance high? This is also the reason why the fire of ternary lithium-ion batteries spreads rapidly and is difficult to extinguish after it catches fire.

In contrast, the oxygen in the lithium iron phosphate molecule is firmly bound to the phosphate radical, making it difficult to become a combustion aid. The thermal runaway temperature of lithium iron phosphate ion batteries is much higher, and their safety is much higher.

Can you see: Do you think the safety of ternary batteries is poor, which is theoretically impossible to solve, or is it because current process issues cannot be solved?

Yang Yusheng: In theory, the safety issue of ternary batteries is very difficult to solve. At least the current industry level is not achievable. It is very difficult to solve the safety problem of ternary batteries.

2. Once the subsidy is cancelled, ternary batteries will be greatly impacted

Visible: Since we know that safety issues cannot be solved, why should we vigorously develop ternary batteries, and the market share of ternary batteries has increased very quickly in the past two years?

Yang Yusheng: The important thing is the benefit mechanism. The national subsidy mechanism encourages high energy density, and battery manufacturers vigorously develop ternary batteries in order to pursue benefits without scientific basis.

Visible: Aren't they worried?

Yang Yusheng: There is no car recall system in China. Even if there are problems with this batch of cars, such as safety issues with power lithium batteries, there is currently no recall system, lacking constraints and supervision on manufacturers.

Visible: Recently, some media reports have reported that the overall subsidy for new energy vehicles will decrease by 40% next year, and another 40% in 2020, until all subsidies are withdrawn. What kind of impact will this have on the pattern of power lithium batteries?

Yang Yusheng: Once the subsidy is cancelled, the impact on ternary batteries will be very significant. Since there is no subsidy, car manufacturers are definitely willing to use safer lithium iron phosphate batteries instead of high-risk ternary batteries.

3. Capacitive lithium-ion batteries are the next generation of power lithium-ion batteries

Visible: Some people say that solid-state batteries, aluminum air batteries, etc. are the mainstream in the future. What do you think?

Yang Yusheng: Currently, the industry is starting to develop all solid-state lithium-ion batteries. This is the next generation of lithium-ion batteries that are prone to combustion and explosion. In addition to its own conductivity, the most crucial aspect of solid-state electrolytes is that the interface resistance between them and the active substance increases with charging and discharging. This is due to the inevitable volume increase and contraction of the active substance during charging and discharging, which detaches from the electrolyte. It is also an unavoidable problem for the positive electrode material to fall off, including the negative electrode material. The stability of the interface is the most fundamental issue in all solid-state batteries. Unless a solid electrolyte like a rubber can be achieved in the future, it can have a great deal of elasticity and change with changes in active substances.

Now researchers have lowered the tuning and switched to solid-state batteries instead of all solid-state ones. Whether it is actually a semi solid or quasi solid state or adding some liquid, including power, lifespan, cost, and other issues, still have many unresolved issues. The effectiveness remains to be seen.

Post lithium-ion battery, which is a name proposed by the Japanese, is called lithium-sulfur battery, also known as the next generation power lithium battery. Its theory is higher than energy, but from the perspective of specific energy, it is also one-sided. It has low safety, is prone to lithium dendrites, low volume to energy, low discharge rate, low energy conversion rate, and low cycle times. After these five low problems are truly solved, they can only be used in vehicles, and great efforts need to be made.

The next generation is a lithium-air battery, with a specific energy of 700Wh/kg, which can catch up with gasoline powered vehicles. However, this matter is very subtle and has more problems, and it is likely that it cannot be hydrolyzed far enough to quench thirst. There are also five issues, which are even greater than the lithium sulfur problem, making it even more elusive to become a power lithium battery.

Visible: Which technology route do you think will win in the future?

Yang Yusheng: I propose the development of capacitive lithium-ion batteries, which I believe will be the next generation of power lithium-ion batteries.

Capacitive lithium-ion batteries require the addition of activated carbon to the positive electrode material. This way, the rate performance of the battery is improved, the battery life is extended, the low-temperature performance is improved, and the charging and discharging voltage is less than 100 millivolts. The distance between the two charging and discharging wires without adding carbon is relatively large, and after adding carbon, the distance between the two charging and discharging wires is greatly reduced. This indicates that capacitors play a good role inside. Activated carbon bears most of the current, preventing the impact of high current on lithium iron phosphate materials during vehicle startup and braking.

Visible: What is the current development status of capacitive lithium-ion batteries?

Yang Yusheng: The key to high rate batteries lies in new materials. Nickel rich materials are important for not growing dendrites, high specific capacity, long lifespan, oriented towards hard carbon or hard carbon+nanosilicon, high conductivity, high mesoporous rate, high density, high purity, high specific surface area, high performance ratio, mutual constraints, and seeking the best path. The pore size should be suitable for the diffusion of anions with different diameters and the establishment of double layer capacitors. At present, some domestic companies have successfully developed a carbon aerogel with a minimum pore size of 5nm100nm, which can be controlled arbitrarily, and can meet the criteria for seeking the best pore size.

4. Extended range electric vehicles have received national recognition

Can you see: How do you view the relationship between power lithium batteries and electric vehicles?

Yang Yusheng: Only the real progress of batteries can promote the improvement of the level of electric vehicles. If you make a bold move, you will have to endure hardships. That is to say, if the battery is not mature, it is actually in an unstable state. If it is used in large quantities in cars, it will have problems.

The important contradiction of electric vehicles is the opposition between safety and mileage. Safety is an important aspect of the contradiction, while mileage is a secondary aspect that cannot be reversed. To recognize something, we must analyze its important contradictions, and distinguish between the important and secondary aspects of the contradiction. If we do not distinguish clearly, we will make mistakes in the important and secondary contradictions, and ultimately we will have to take a detour.

The important contradiction is reflected in the battery, which is the contradiction between danger and specific energy. The danger of the battery restricts the range of electric vehicles to increase at will. What I am talking about here is that we are now increasing our requirements every year. Aiming at 250 kilometers, 300 kilometers, 400 kilometers, and now wanting to hit 500 kilometers, that's what you want.

Can you see: Can the additional programs you have been calling for before solve the current industry problems?

Yang Yusheng: The three vertical new energy vehicle routes proposed by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China were initially pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, and fuel cell vehicles. Later, hybrid electric vehicles were changed to plug-in electric vehicles, and later plug-in electric vehicles were changed to extended range electric vehicles. This change took about 10 years before and after. In January of this year, the new Three Verticals replaced plug-in models with additional programs.

For the past 10 years, my advocacy has been to use safe and mature batteries to develop energy-saving and emission reducing electric vehicles. There are two technical routes: firstly, using micro pure electric vehicles as a breakthrough point, and secondly, developing pure electric drive for mass cars as an added program. Micro electric vehicles can use lead-acid batteries as low-speed vehicles or lithium-ion batteries as high-speed vehicles, which is determined by the market. The addition of electric vehicles solves the five major anxieties of pure electric vehicles. It is the most feasible vehicle for marketization.

Now my proposition has gradually been accepted, it's not easy, it's been ten years. In July of this year, the National Development and Reform Commission included additional programs in the "Regulations on Investment Management in the Automotive Industry (Draft for Soliciting Opinions)" for pure electric vehicles. Now companies are also doing small cars or developing the range extender technology.

Can you see: What are the requirements for power lithium batteries in the increased program technology route?

Yang Yusheng: The first generation of incremental program is a pure electric vehicle equipped with a range extender, which generates electricity on the vehicle to charge the battery. The second generation optimized the power system and battery, so the power of the electric motor and battery were halved, and the car was reduced. Its advantages are very prominent. The battery pack will not overcharge or discharge, has a longer lifespan, high safety, fewer batteries, and has little impact on the cancellation of subsidies. It is easy to marketize. Under urban working conditions, it is necessary for fuel vehicles to save more than 50% of fuel. Users can save money by not charging and not building charging stations. If there are charging conditions, the fuel saving rate can be above 80%. The production and refueling facilities of fuel powered vehicles can all be inherited for easy development. Now we propose the third generation incremental program, called the direct drive incremental program for power generation, which means that the electricity generated by the generator is directly fed to the motor without passing through the battery pack, which is more energy-saving, with fewer batteries and longer battery life.

The specific energy of lithium iron phosphate is already very high, and the lithium iron phosphate ion battery can discharge at a high rate, with a lifespan of up to ten thousand times, and the price is decreasing, meeting the requirements of the second generation expansion program. The battery usage of the third generation incremental program is low. In order to evaluate the performance of the generator and absorb the initial feedback energy of the brake, it is required that the next generation battery should have a high rate of charging capacity. And the capacitive lithium-ion battery I advocate can solve this problem.

Visible: Some people say that adding programming cars still requires fuel consumption, which is not the ultimate goal. How do you view this doubt?

Yang Yusheng: If our car's fuel consumption drops to less than half, saves 200 million tons of fuel annually, improves the environment, and improves energy security, China will take a big step from being a major automobile country to a strong automobile country, and the people of the whole country can be happy. Pure electric vehicles may not necessarily be the ultimate goal. With more and heavier batteries installed, the vehicle is heavier and consumes more electricity. Therefore, it is important to consider energy conservation and emission reduction throughout the entire process, not during the driving process of electric vehicles.

Future plug-in electric vehicles can generate electricity from solar energy to supply energy to electric vehicles without burning oil or increasing carbon dioxide emissions. At the same time, organic compounds such as straw and sweet sorghum produce ethanol, which then supplies energy to the ethanol engine for power generation. This way, all of the energy is generated by solar and wind energy.

Lithium ForkLift Batteries ,Ensure Quality

Our lithium battery production line has a complete and scientific quality management system

Ensure the product quality of lithium batteries

Years of experience in producing lithium forklift batteries

Focus on the production of lithium batteries

WE PROMISE TO MAKE EVERY LITHIUM BATTERY WELL

We have a comprehensive explanation of lithium batteries

QUALIFICATION CERTIFICATE

THE QUALITY OF COMPLIANCE PROVIDES GUARANTEE FOR CUSTOMERS

MULTIPLE QUALIFICATION CERTIFICATES TO ENSURE STABLE PRODUCT QUALITY

Providing customers with professional and assured products is the guarantee of our continuous progress.

Applicable brands of our products

Linde Lithium Forklift Battery	Toyota Lithium Forklift Battery	hyster Lithium Forklift Battery
jung Lithium Forklift Battery	enrich Lithium Forklift Battery	hyundai Lithium Forklift Battery
still Lithium Forklift Battery	heli Lithium Forklift Battery	hangcha Lithium Forklift Battery