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2) Spherical silicon carbon composite negative electrode material

Sn and Si have been highly regarded due to their high lithium storage capacity. Due to the low melting point of Sn, stable composite materials cannot be formed between Sn and carbon sources during the pyrolysis process. Therefore, there is relatively little research on Sn, and there is a lot of research on silicon carbon composite negative electrode materials. The alloy negative electrode material undergoes significant volume changes and pulverization during the lithium removal process, which prevents the formation of a stable SEI film, resulting in very low Coulomb efficiency and poor cycling performance. Ultimately, the composite material structure is damaged, leading to material failure.

The current practical spherical silicon carbon composite anode material is based on spherical artificial or natural graphite, pinned with a layer of silicon nanoparticles (generally less than 100nm) on the surface of graphite, and coated with a layer of amorphous carbon. The advantage of this multi-layer core-she11 structure is that silicon nanoparticles are pinned to the surface of graphite to ensure good electrical contact. The volume expansion of silicon is jointly borne by the graphite and amorphous coating layer, which reduces the stress and volume change during the lithium removal process, prolongs the usage time. However, if silicon carbon composite negative electrode materials are to achieve their large-scale application, they still face the following problems.

Firstly, there are issues with poor safety and rate performance. It is difficult for two-phase separated alloy materials to achieve rapid migration of lithium ions between them. In addition, in high rate charging and discharging situations, it is inevitable to lose a large amount of capacity and bring safety hazards.

Secondly, the price of nanosi is extremely expensive, especially for nanosi with grain size less than 50nm, which makes the preparation of silicon carbon composite negative electrode materials very expensive.

Thirdly, the Coulombic efficiency (including initial efficiency and subsequent charge discharge efficiency) of silicon carbon negative electrode materials is relatively low, and their compatibility with conventional electrolytes needs further improvement. Moreover, the cycling performance of silicon carbon composite negative electrode materials still needs to be improved.

Fourthly, the current performance indicators of graphite negative electrodes are very excellent, and the current cost-effectiveness of silicon carbon composite negative electrode materials is difficult to shake the position of graphite. Theoretical calculations have shown that only when the capacity of the positive electrode exceeds 200, can the contribution of high capacity negative electrode materials to the overall energy density of the battery be more significant. So the market demand for silicon carbon composite negative electrode materials will still be released after the industrialization of the new generation of high voltage and high capacity positive electrode materials, and the industrialization of the new generation of high voltage and high capacity positive electrode materials still needs time.

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