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4) Amorphous carbon material: because the preparation temperature is very low, the graphitization process is incomplete, and the obtained carbon material is mainly composed of graphite microcrystals and amorphous regions. Generally, amorphous carbon materials can be mainly cracked by catalytic cracking of small molecular organics: directly cracking polymer materials at low temperature; Made by three methods including low-temperature treatment of other carbon precursors. The amorphous carbon material prepared with the above raw materials and methods, its microcrystalline size is generally 2-3 orders of magnitude smaller than that of graphite microcrystalline, and there are a large number of nano micron pores in the material, so its lithium ion diffusion coefficient and specific capacity of first insertion/removal of lithium are larger than that of graphite. However, due to its low degree of crystallization and irregular structure, lithium ions are embedded from the carbon material, and the polarization is large when they are removed, and the specific surface area of the material is also large. Therefore, there is no obvious voltage platform when amorphous carbon is embedded in and removed from lithium, and the voltage lag is obvious, and the irreversible capacity loss is large. The first efficiency is low, and the cycle stability is poor.

5) Graphite oxide (Gmpijlite Oxide GO): graphite is oxidized under the use of strong oxidant, oxygen atoms enter into the graphite layer, break the big II bond on the carbon plane, and form covalent bond type graphite interlayer compound in the form of C-oH, C=O, - COOH and other functional groups and carbon atoms in the dense carbon plane. Graphite oxide will still maintain the layered structure of graphite, but the dense structure of graphite materials becomes loose due to the insertion of oxidant molecules, and the layer spacing is generally greater than 0.6 mn.

The appearance of these micropores is beneficial for increasing the lithium storage capacity of the material and adding new channels for lithium ions to and from the partially oxidized modified graphite negative electrode. However, the destruction of large II bond in the carbon plane will make GO no longer have conductivity, and the presence of more oxygen-containing functional purposes will also lead to more irreversible capacity loss. Therefore, in order to obtain an ideal graphite oxide anode material through oxidation, it is necessary to properly control the degree of graphite oxidation.

(2) Non carbon negative electrode materials

At present, there are three new generation of non carbon negative electrode materials with industrialization prospects: LTO, silicon carbon composite negative electrode materials, and silicon alloy negative electrode materials.

1) LTQLTO has extremely excellent cycling performance, optimal rate performance, and safety. Similarly, LT0 has a significant drawback, which is that high lithium intercalation potential can lead to a decrease in the energy density of the entire battery system. And due to the need for LTO to be nano sized and carbon coated, the volume energy density of LTO batteries is only 60% of that of lithium batteries with graphite as the negative electrode. The advantages and disadvantages of LTO make the actual industrial application development relatively slow. In addition to the aforementioned defects, there are two practical issues that constrain the industrialization of LTO: firstly, the high production cost of LTO. The second issue is that during the cycling process of the battery, gas may appear, which is quite serious and poses significant safety hazards.

Although the energy density of LT0 batteries is not high, this type of battery has excellent cycling, rate performance, and safety performance. So LTO batteries have considerable development potential in areas where energy density requirements are not high, such as HEVs.

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