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The types of lithium-ion battery cell explosions can be classified into three types: external short circuit, internal short circuit, and overcharge. The external refers to the external part of the battery cell, including short circuits caused by poor insulation design inside the battery pack.

Lithium is the smallest and most active metal on the chemical periodic table. Due to its small size, it has a high capacity density and is widely welcomed by consumers and engineers. However, if the chemical properties are too active, it brings extremely high danger. When lithium metal is exposed to air, it will undergo a violent oxidation reaction with oxygen and explode.

When a short circuit occurs outside the battery cell and the electronic components fail to cut off the circuit, high heat will occur inside the battery cell, causing some electrolyte to vaporize and causing the battery casing to expand. When the internal temperature of the battery reaches 135 degrees Celsius, high-quality diaphragm paper will close the fine pores, terminate or almost terminate the electrochemical reaction, cause a sudden drop in current, and the temperature will slowly decrease, thereby preventing explosions from occurring. However, if the closing rate of the pores is too poor, or if the pores do not close at all, the diaphragm paper will cause the battery temperature to continue to rise, more electrolyte will vaporize, and finally the battery shell will be stretched, even raising the battery temperature to the point where the material will burn and explode.

Internal short circuits are important because the burrs on copper and aluminum foils penetrate the diaphragm, or the dendritic crystals of lithium atoms penetrate the diaphragm.

There are currently three important types of mobile power cells on the market: 18650 cells, polymer cells, and lithium iron phosphate cells. It is best for consumers to choose polymer lithium-ion batteries, followed by 18650 batteries. Compared with the previous two, the technology of lithium iron phosphate batteries is not mature, and the fatal disadvantages of large size and high price make it impossible to scale up in mobile power sources.

The 18650 lithium-ion battery refers to a battery with a diameter of 18mm and a length of 65mm, where 0 represents a cylindrical battery. The technology of 18650 battery cells is relatively mature, with stable battery structure, high specific capacity, outstanding comprehensive performance, and can be used in many ranges due to their small size. The disadvantage is that its safety is worse than polymer lithium-ion batteries, and the number of cycles of the battery cell is lower, only about 300 times.

Polymer cells

The difference between polymer cells and traditional lithium batteries lies in the production process. Lithium ion batteries are wound together and have a relatively soft volume. Polymers are stacked together and have a harder body shape. Polymer and lithium-ion batteries with the same volume have a larger capacity, about 30% higher. And it is safer with less risk of explosion. Long service life. Charging and discharging have reached over 500 times. The disadvantage is high cost, with polymer cells of the same capacity being at least 100% more expensive than 18650 lithium-ion cells.

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