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What is a ternary lithium-ion battery? Simply put, this is a more advanced form of battery compared to traditional batteries. The most famous application of ternary lithium-ion batteries is Tesla, but in this regard, domestic manufacturers are not lagging behind at all. Jianghuai recently launched this technology and put it into mass production.

The so-called ternary lithium-ion battery is simply a type of lithium-ion battery whose positive electrode material is composed of three metal elements and lithium, such as the widely used nickel cobalt manganese oxide lithium-ion battery.

The latest generation of ternary lithium-ion batteries, represented by this type of battery (with three types of positive electrode materials), have significantly improved in terms of battery cycle times and the most important energy storage capacity per kilogram compared to other forms of lithium-ion batteries. From this perspective alone, ternary lithium batteries are indeed the best choice for power lithium batteries in new energy vehicles at present.

Lithium ion batteries can come in various shapes, in addition to the cylindrical metal shell of the 18650 battery, there are also flexible packaging forms with aluminum-plastic materials for the shell and types of square batteries. Among them, aluminum-plastic packaged soft shell batteries are currently the most flexible form of lithium-ion batteries. Their size and thickness can be freely customized, and they can be stacked in multiple pieces, which has considerable application flexibility.

However, ternary lithium-ion batteries also have some inherent disadvantages. Compared to lithium iron phosphate batteries, they are more delicate: if the operating temperature is too high, it will permanently affect the battery life, and if the temperature is too high, it can even catch fire, burn, or even explode. The high-temperature gas released during the combustion of lithium-ion batteries can even directly burn through 3mm thick aluminum plates. Therefore, how to provide a safe and stable working environment for batteries has become a concern for engineers from various manufacturers. For example, Jianghuai Automobile produced a small number of lithium-ion battery versions of the Tongyue second-generation electric vehicle as early as 2011 to verify the reliability of electric vehicles equipped with 18650 batteries. After four years of technical verification, this technology was finally officially mass-produced on the iEV5.

Analysis of disassembly of Jianghuai batteries

After understanding the basic technical principles, let's take a look at the interior of the battery pack. The battery naturally occupies the largest area inside the battery pack, but the most important part of the power lithium battery is the battery management system, abbreviated as BMS. The power management system of Jianghuai iEV5 battery pack adopts the management method of Huating Power, which may be unfamiliar to many people. However, their technical leader once worked in Silicon Valley, participated in the research and development of Tesla Roadster, and returned to China to start a business in 2009, just before the announcement of Roadster. At that time, Tesla's patented technology had not yet been publicly disclosed. In the development process of the Huating Power vehicle battery pack, a different design concept was adopted from Tesla, which technically avoided Tesla's patent barriers and developed battery technology suitable for the Chinese market environment.

The battery management system of iEV5 allows the battery pack to operate in both long-life charging mode and long-distance charging mode, which is its biggest feature. In the long-life mode, battery charging and usage are strictly controlled in the mode that maximizes battery life, without overcharging or over discharging. In the long-distance charging mode, the battery will be charged at a level close to saturation capacity, injecting as much energy as possible to provide the vehicle with more mileage.

Specifically for individual batteries, these 18650 batteries are supplied by Tianjin Lishen Battery. This manufacturer has previous experience in manufacturing lithium-ion batteries for well-known manufacturers such as Motorola and Samsung. The lithium-ion battery used in the iEV5 battery pack has a single battery capacity of 2200mAh, which is nearly one-third smaller than the Panasonic 3200mAh battery used on Tesla. In terms of individual battery capacity, there is still room for improvement in the iEV5 battery pack. However, the sacrifice in terms of capacity has resulted in an improvement in product reliability and consistency, as large-scale use of 18650 lithium-ion batteries can easily lead to a decrease in the quality stability of the entire battery pack if a single battery has quality issues. Therefore, in the field of lithium-ion batteries for vehicles, the requirements for stability and product consistency are higher than battery capacity.

The welding of the battery pack is all completed automatically by the machine, and workers are only responsible for loading materials and checking the welding quality. The above picture shows the ultrasonic welding process of the battery negative electrode. Due to the negative electrode material being a fuse with fuse function, high temperature will cause it to melt. Therefore, high-temperature resistance welding cannot be used for welding, only ultrasonic welding with less heat generation can be used. The upper left display screen in the picture is a real-time enlarged image of the solder joint, used for timely monitoring and judgment of whether there are welding quality issues.

The battery pack of Jianghuai iEV5 uses a total of 2944 18650 batteries. The composition is as follows: every 32 18650 batteries are connected in parallel to form the most basic unit in a battery pack, and the entire battery pack is composed of 92 such battery units connected in series.

The dense arrangement of a large number of lithium-ion batteries can bring about a temperature control problem. Lithium ion batteries, especially ternary lithium-ion batteries, require high operating temperatures and a stable temperature environment during operation. Tesla's measure in this regard is to wrap the entire battery pack in coolant and actively control the working temperature of the battery pack through liquid cooling, as the battery often requires high current operation and generates higher heat. However, the battery pack of Jianghuai iEV5 produces less heat than Tesla, so it adopts an air-cooled method for battery thermal management.

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