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For the electric vehicle market, the most attention is paid to various problems in the use of batteries. Especially in the cold winter in the north, the driving range of the traditional battery is far lower than the nominal mileage in the low temperature environment, and the power loss is more serious when the warm air is turned on. In 2019, the American Automobile Association (AAA) conducted a strict winter endurance test on five popular pure electric vehicles in the United States market, including BMW and Tesla, under the severe cold environment simulating the standard. The study showed that the average endurance mileage of the test vehicles decreased by 41%. Therefore, the extremely cold environment has always been a pain point and technical bottleneck for pure electric vehicles.

Endurance of new energy vehicles in cold environment has become an urgent problem to be solved

The reason why new energy vehicles have the problem of endurance in winter is mainly because the battery cell activity is reduced in low temperature environment, resulting in the reduction of battery capacity and maximum output power, which greatly reduces the endurance and acceleration of new energy vehicles. How to make the battery work normally and stably in low temperature environment becomes the key to solve this problem. The solution of this problem will also have a significant impact on the new energy vehicle industry.

On January 19, the "Development and Demonstration Application of Key Technologies for Pure Electric Vehicles Facing the Winter Olympic Environment" project of the Municipal Science and Technology Commission, led by Beijing Institute of Technology and participated by BAIC New Energy and BAIC Futian, was tested again in extremely cold conditions at the Yakeshi Test Field of the China Automobile Association. The research of this project is mainly to improve the overall performance of pure electric vehicles in low temperature environment, optimize the safety control strategy of the whole vehicle in low temperature environment, improve the energy efficiency of pure electric vehicles in low temperature environment, and thoroughly solve the bottleneck of pure electric vehicles in severe cold environment.

Yakeshi is located in Hulunbeier City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, with long and cold winters. It is known as the Snow Town of China. The historical minimum temperature of Yakeshi in winter is - 52 ℃, the average temperature in January is as low as - 31 ℃, and the temperature in the morning is usually as low as - 35 ℃. The extremely low temperature and harsh environment are the ideal place for BAIC BJEV to choose to conduct extreme cold performance test in Yakeshi.

The test began at 5:30 in the morning, when the thermometer showed that the local temperature was above minus 30 degrees Celsius. Both technicians, staff and media reporters who participated in the event were fully armed and wore heavy cotton and down jackets. At this time, the test vehicles of BAIC BJEV and BAIC FOTON have been running steadily after the successful start. The battery system continues to heat up at 7 ℃/min until the normal operating temperature of the battery is 20 °. So as to ensure that the range of the whole vehicle basically matches the normal environment. The whole challenge test process was quite smooth and successful.

Sun Fengchun, an academician of the CAE Member and a professor of Beijing University of Technology who attended the experiment together, said: The success of this extreme cold test marks that China's new energy vehicles are at the world's leading level in three core key technologies, namely, all-weather batteries, low-temperature enthalpy increasing air conditioners, and all-weather vehicle control, laying a solid technical foundation for new energy vehicles to break through the cold forbidden zone. In the future, new energy vehicles will not be afraid of ultra-low temperature and cold, and can maintain almost the same driving range as normal temperature.

Many technologies solve the problem of endurance in cold environment

The research and development team of BAIC New Energy Technology actively explored and made breakthroughs one by one, and finally developed a series of extremely cold technologies, which effectively solved the common problems of endurance and charging and discharging in ultra-low temperature environment.

First of all, BAIC BJEV has developed battery insulation technology considering that ordinary users can park for 8 to 12 hours in a low temperature environment in winter and night. This technology cuts off the heat exchange between the battery and the external environment as well as the heat conduction inside the battery through thermal insulation materials, which greatly reduces the heat loss rate of the cell. In this way, under the low temperature environment of - 10 ℃, the battery system can still be kept at a relatively suitable operating temperature when the user drives the next day after overnight "freezing", which improves the characteristics of battery capacity and discharge power.

In addition, BAIC BJEV has developed intelligent charging and insulation technology through accurate research on the characteristics of the battery core and analysis based on big data. Whenever the vehicle is connected to the charging pile for charging, the system will first judge the temperature of the battery system. When the temperature is lower than the appropriate temperature, the current of the charging pile will preheat the battery first, and then charge it when it is heated to the appropriate temperature. In this way, the battery can be fully charged to the maximum extent and meet the driving conditions of the vehicle at any time. After the battery is fully charged, as long as it continues to be connected on the charging pile, the system will also monitor the battery temperature in real time, and can use the power of the charging pile to continue to heat the battery when the temperature is too low.

At the same time, the R&D team of BAIC BJEV has further jointly developed the exclusive fast heating technology, aiming at the pain point that the vehicle can heat up the battery system at a speed of 2 ℃/min to ensure that the battery works in a suitable temperature range. In this way, the battery system has higher charging efficiency and low temperature range, It is expected to reach 90% of the normal temperature range, which will further improve the cycle life of the power battery. This technology will be applied to new products of BAIC BJEV in the future.

In addition, the intelligent recovery and ultra-low temperature heat pump air conditioning technology developed by BAIC BJEV has also made an important contribution to the improvement of winter driving mileage.

The success of this challenge has fully proved the reliability and stability of the ultra-low temperature power battery system in the extremely low temperature environment, consolidated BAIC's leading position in the research and development of pure electric vehicles, and demonstrated the breakthrough and progress in the technology development and research of China's new energy vehicle industry. Relying on BAIC BJEV's development of a series of technologies for extremely cold environments and the practical ideas behind it, BAIC BJEV will go further and make contributions to the global popularization of new energy vehicles and the enrichment of models.

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