-Introduction to voltage knowledge of lithium battery

Introduction to voltage knowledge of lithium battery
author:enerbyte source:本站 click338 Release date: 2023-02-17 09:47:39
abstract:
The measurement units of lithium-ion batteries are working voltage (V), milliampere-hour (mAh), and watt-hour (Wh), which is commonly used on laptop batteries. When we compare the battery capacity, we usually use milliampere hour (mAh) as the unit of comparison. For example, the rechargeable b...

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The measurement units of lithium-ion batteries are working voltage (V), milliampere-hour (mAh), and watt-hour (Wh), which is commonly used on laptop batteries. When we compare the battery capacity, we usually use milliampere hour (mAh) as the unit of comparison. For example, the rechargeable battery of the 4WD we played when we were young, the battery in the mobile phone, and the battery of the mobile power supply.

Lithium ion batteries must be used with appropriate battery management system, otherwise it is very dangerous. The lithium-ion battery with lithium-ion battery management system is generally referred to as the lithium-ion battery PACK.

The nominal voltage of single lithium battery is 3.7V, and the normal voltage range is 2.5V-4.25V. Lithium ion batteries can be roughly divided into two categories: lithium metal batteries and lithium ion batteries. Lithium ion batteries do not contain metallic lithium and can be recharged. Its safety, specific capacity, self-discharge rate and performance-price ratio are better than lithium ion batteries.

Each field has different requirements for lithium-ion batteries. For example, mobile phones require more endurance and volume, electric vehicles require more safety and endurance, and aircraft models and unmanned aerial vehicles require more discharge rate.

1. Working voltage: It refers to the potential difference between the positive and negative poles of the battery when there is current flowing through the circuit under the working state of the battery, also known as the load voltage. In the battery discharge working state, when the current flows through the battery, the resistance of internal resistance must be overcome, so the working voltage is always lower than the open-circuit voltage.

2. Charging limit voltage: the voltage from constant flow to constant voltage during charging.

3. Open circuit voltage: refers to the voltage of the battery when there is no external circuit or load connected. The open-circuit voltage has a certain relationship with the residual energy of the battery, and the power display is based on this principle.

4. Discharge cut-off voltage: refers to the voltage reached when the battery is fully charged and discharged (if it continues to discharge, it will be excessive discharge, which will damage the life and performance of the battery).

The single working voltage of lithium ion battery is 3.7V or 3.2V. The voltage of a single lithium-ion battery is 3.7V (3.2V for the lithium ferrous phosphate anode), and the capacity of the lithium-ion battery cannot be unlimited. Therefore, a single lithium-ion battery is often processed in series and parallel to meet the requirements of different occasions.

Generally speaking, the nominal voltage is the central voltage of the platform voltage. Near this voltage, the voltage changes very slowly during charging and discharging. For example, the platform voltage of a nominal 3.7V lithium battery is about 3.7V, and that of a nominal 3.2V iron lithium ion battery is about 3.2V.

The charging voltage of lithium ion battery and nickel hydrogen battery is different. The maximum charging voltage of a single lithium-ion battery (3.6V) is 4.2V. Exceeding this voltage will cause the lithium-ion battery to overheat or even explode. So use a special charger to charge the lithium-ion battery. The 12V lithium-ion battery pack can be charged with a 12V lithium battery charger.

The voltage of lithium-ion battery during operation ranges from 2.5V to 4.2V. When the voltage is less than 2.5V, the battery discharge is terminated. At the same time, the current loss of the internal protection circuit is also minimized because the discharge circuit is closed. Of course, due to different internal materials, the discharge termination voltage can be in the range of 2.5V-3.0V in practical applications. When the voltage exceeds 4.2V, the charging circuit is terminated to protect the battery safety; When the working voltage of the single lithium ion battery drops below 3.0V, we can consider that the discharge circuit is terminated in the over-discharge state to protect the battery safety.

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